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Upon further rememberances, all movement disorders would be better classified under one heading as Tardive Dyskinesia Syndrome, but better yet as Movement Disorder Syndrome, but better yet as Neurological Sensory Syndrome. This would then include movement disorders, memory disorders, psychiatric disorders and many other disorders that are now fragmented according to symptom morphology rather than by the common connection they all share in the neurological system which exists everywhere in the body.The nomenclature suggested above is moving in the right direction, but we won't reach the root until we group disorders under an overall Nutrition/Toxin Imbalance Syndrome and Cellular Imbalance Syndrome. From these two, one and the same, places, stem all disorders.
These movement disorders are classified as extrapyramidal side effects and associated with keywords motor, muscle, motion and locomotion, Hypokinesia, Hyperkinesia, Hypodopaminergism, Hyperminergism and more.
Nervous System
Movement is controlled by the expansion, contraction, tension and tone of muscle and other body components, macro and micro, plus also through gradients. This is achieved through neurotransmitters and other chemicals which are controlled by other chemicals, which are ultimately controlled by chemicals called nutrition and toxins, which are all composed of elements. The harmonious balance (dynamic balance) of these elements is what matters most. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=do+all+antipsychotics+block+dopamine+receptors&ia=webIt is important to understand that “movement” applies to what we can externally see as movement and also to movements taking place within the body and within cells. For instance, constipation and diarrhea are movement disorders that could be related to antipsychotics. In fact, many medications are said to cause both.
Dopamine, acetylcholine, butyrylcholine and serotonin are some of the neurotransmitters that help initiate, coordinate and regulate muscle movement. Each neurotransmitter has specific enzymes that form the neurotransmitter and different enzymes that help breakdown each neurotransmitter. Even so, some of these enzymes do extra duty as a backup to each other.One of the things known about people with Alzheimer's disease is that the enzyme that breaks down butyrylcholine steadily increases, while the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine remains unchanged or declines. This causes an upside down imbalance, thus memory becomes upside down (disoriented) and so do other neurological functions. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12636181/
Movement disorders also manifest in Autoimmune Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), just to name a few more.
Another neurotransmitter, propionylcholine is also involved. Its proper function is to help link neurotransmitters. We know what happens when links are broken. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00538 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/butyrylcholine and https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/butyrylcholine and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864293/ (2018)
Each neurotransmitter has one or more receptors. Neurotransmitter receptors transmit the actions of neurotransmitters, thus enabling cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/neurotransmitter-receptor
For instance, neurotransmitter acetylcholine has receptors that are involved in muscle contraction, muscle movement and muscle tension, thus the expansion, contraction and holding ability of any body component that needs to move back and forth. Neurotransmitter acetylcholine receptors are also involved in cognitive functioning, incontinence, modifying heart rate, arrhythmia, asthma, nearsightedness and dopamine release.
As stated previously, many medications produce direct adverse effects that throw off the balance of something or further exacerbate imbalance, which throws off many things in cells, systems, tissues, organs, the body.
Cardiovascular Movement
It can't be stressed enough that movement disorders also involve the disorder of internal movements in the body. Movement of the heart can also be in disorder.Certain medications increase the likelihood of stroke in elderly patients with dementia. Avoid using two medications that both have the adverse effect of prolonging the QTc interval (reducing heart rate).
A vast number of medications prolong the QT interval. Caution is advised when also using these medications in patients with electrolyte abnormalities/metabolic syndrome [or other imbalances, disorders, dysfunctions, diseases, illnesses, sicknesses, defects].
QT-prolonging medications throw off electrolyte balance and functioning by interrupting them or blocking them. [These medications absolutely contraindicate with electrolyte replacement drinks, a high intake of sugary drinks, those with or close to diabetes and those with a high intake of nicotine.]
Check your medications and the medications of people you are caring for. Search the internet for the name of your medication + QT interval or prolong interval.
Patients using medications that prolong the QT interval should ideally be monitored with an ECG (electrocardiogram). A normal QTc in men is 440 ms or less, and in women, it is 460 ms or less. It is ideal to have patients within those parameters when on a QT-prolonging medication.Monitoring of electrolytes, specifically potassium, magnesium, and calcium, should be done in patients who have QT prolongation. The risk of further QT prolongation and tachycardia is increased when electrolyte abnormalities coexist with these medications. Thus, we can see how, in the presence of QT prolonging medications and other imbalances and other medications, that either bradycardia or tachycardia might be a symptom. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534864/ (2021) and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459150/ (2021) and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519503/ (2021)
Overactive dopamine pathways — ones that flood the brain with too much, rather than too little, of the neurotransmitter — are involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and drug addiction (alcohol and nicotine included). https://www.brainfacts.org/Thinking-Sensing-and-Behaving/Movement/2015/Dopamine-and-Movement
Toxins get in the way of and/or replace neurotransmitters, thus what these false, fake, artificial chemicals transmit is unhealthy and causes dysfunction. When we think of toxins we automatically default to the physical, but we must keep in mind that toxic spirit, emotions and logic, also affects the physical and can help cause physical imbalances, even if a person is getting good physical nutrition and low physical toxins.
Also causing dopamine release are pleasure, reward or their expectation. This explains much since most people are unfilled at home and work,thus seek satisfaction, euphoria and utopia in places that prove sugar-high-like pleasure in trivial pursuits and corrupt notions. All this due to lack of knowledge of self and connection to destinypurposes to which we apply our genetic potential. Even if we are getting adequate nutrition to cause dopamine release, this can be counteracted contraindicated by a state of mind, emotion and spirit-soul which are kept in suboptimal condition of societies which are a collection of many sad souls trapped in their self-made purgatory.
